To prepare for a retrospective meeting is no easy feat for the facilitator. It’s the first challenge you face in facilitating a retrospective. My mentor once shared that if the retrospective meeting is the tip of the iceberg, the preparation for it is the huge chunk of ice below the water. I think it’s the perfect analogy. If you do not prepare enough then the tip of the iceberg will sink and your retrospective meeting will be a bust.
For facilitating a retrospective meeting for a team you are coaching and observing, the effort of preparation may be easy since you have a good understanding of the context for the meeting, and you can easily prepare the materials you need for the meeting. You also have the meeting at a regular cadence so preparing for it becomes a routine activity. It is different when you are preparing to facilitate a retrospective for a group which you don’t regularly observe and interact with. You would need to put in extra effort to understand the context for the meeting. You might also need to spend more time in gathering data for materials you may want to use during the retrospective.
There are different activities you will find yourself doing as you get ready for the meeting.
Understand the Context
As the facilitator, you should be able to guide the participants in achieving their goal for the retrospective meeting which in general, is coming up with ideas and action items for improvements they can make in how they do their work. You won’t be able to do this if you don’t have a good understanding of the context for the retrospective.
What happened during the time period being reviewed in the retrospective? What challenges did the team face? What mistakes were made? What did the team learn? What went wrong? What could have gone better? If you were interacting with the team regularly, you have your memory and observation notes to refer to when answering these questions. If you are facilitating for a group which you do not closely work with, you need to do more to gain an understanding of the context.
Talking with people is a great way to know more about the context for the meeting. You can hear stories from different perspectives, learn about concerns, and you can ask questions about the experiences of the team.
With a good understanding of the context you are better equipped to guide the discussions in the meeting so that the team can achieve their goal.
Prepare Materials
Once you have a good understanding of the context, you are ready to gather and prepare the materials you will use for the retrospective. The usual items you would make ready are:
- graphs for the metrics you track
- observation notes
- list of action items from the previous retrospective
- summary of discussions from last retrospective
This can all be compiled in a retrospective document which you would then share with the team before the meeting.
You would also want to spend time thinking about the initial set of powerful questions you can ask the team to help them reflect and think about what they could do better. Here is a link to my post about powerful questions.
You should also think about the technique or format you are going to use for the two main activities in the retrospective:
- generating insights and ideas
- converging to agreed improvements to be made by the team
For generating insights the usual formats would be asking the team to answer some guide questions. Some examples are
- Start-Stop-Continue
- What went well? + What could have gone better? + What do we want to try?
- the 4 Ls – Liked, Learned, Lacked, Longed For
Once you have generated discussion items, it is a good idea to prioritize talking about the most important ones first. One technique you can use is called “Dot voting”, let the participants vote on the items they want to discuss. When calling for a consensus, you can use the “Fist of five” technique to see who agrees or disagrees with a proposed idea. Participants would hold up one hand and the number of fingers they have raised shows how much they agree. There are other techniques you can use and it would help to know about them so you have wide variety you can use.
Meeting Setup
This part of the preparation is probably the easiest. Make sure to have an invite to the meeting. For the team I am coaching, we have a recurring Goggle Calendar event for the retrospective meeting which is held once in every 2 weeks. We use Zoom for our meetings so I also have a Zoom meeting instance which we use for every retrospective. The unique link for the Zoom meeting is of course included on the description of the Google Calendar event.
If you are working with a co-located team, then part of this step is making sure a meeting room is reserved and would be ready for the retrospective. You may also want to prepare refreshments for the participants. One thing I miss about having retrospectives in the office is the chance to bring snacks for everyone to enjoy while having the retrospective.
As I am working remotely, I also prepare the GroupMap which will be used and sometimes we would try other online tools which can help us in our retrospective.
Be Neutral
For me, the final part of my preparation for the retrospective is preparing myself for the meeting. As the facilitator of a retrospective, you should be neutral. You could serve the team better by not bringing in your biases and judgement into the discussions. I think this is an important part of getting ready for the retrospective because it sets you up to be a facilitator who can guide the team well in identifying improvements they want to make. There is much to be said about the facilitator being neutral, enough that it warrants another blog post which I will write soon.
Are you ready?
Since the retrospective meeting is a very important activity for Agile teams, it should not be a surprise that a great deal of effort goes into preparing for the meeting. While the steps for preparing get repetitive and may get easier, it still helps to be mindful of the things you do to get ready for the retrospective. It is an important part of your responsibility as an Agile Coach, Scrum Master, or facilitator.